Vertigo and dizziness: find the cause

Most spinning vertigo starts in the inner ear, and the commonest cause, BPPV, is very treatable. Our audiologists in Electronic City Phase 1 and Phase 2 assess your balance and hearing, give exercises where they fit, and refer you to an ENT or neurologist when needed.

Dizzy with any of these? Go to an emergency department now

Face drooping on one side, slurred or confused speech, arm or leg weakness or numbness, the worst headache of your life or a sudden severe one, double vision or vision loss, unable to stand or walk, a fall with a head injury, chest pain, a racing heartbeat or fainting. These can be stroke signs; every minute counts.

Vertigo, dizziness or lightheadedness?

People say "dizzy" for very different feelings. The word you choose helps find the cause.

  • VertigoThe room spins, or you feel you are spinning or tilting. Usually the inner ear, sometimes the brain.
  • ImbalanceUnsteady on your feet, as if the floor is moving. Often worse in the dark.
  • LightheadednessFaint or about to black out, often on standing. Usually blood pressure, sugar, dehydration or medicines: see your physician.
Four things to note before your visit

When it started, how long each episode lasts (seconds, minutes, hours or days), what sets it off, and whether your hearing changes or an ear rings during it. Those four answers often point to the cause before any test.

Common causes of vertigo

The inner ear holds the hearing and balance organs, so your hearing helps tell these apart.

  • BPPVShort, strong spins, usually under a minute, when rolling over, lying down or looking up. Hearing normal.
  • Vestibular neuritisSudden severe vertigo for a day or more, with nausea, easing over days to weeks. Hearing normal.
  • LabyrinthitisLike neuritis, often after a cold, but hearing drops in one ear.
  • Ménière's diseaseAttacks of 20 minutes to hours, with a full ear and ringing. Hearing goes up and down.
  • Vestibular migraineDizzy spells with or without headache, light or sound sensitivity. Hearing usually normal.
  • Only an assessment confirmsA pattern suggests a cause. Tests tell us which one, and who should treat it.
More on BPPV, neuritis and Ménière's

BPPV

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common cause of spinning vertigo, especially after 50. Tiny calcium crystals in the inner ear come loose and drift into one of the balance canals. Then a head movement, such as rolling over in bed, lying back at the hair salon or looking up to a high shelf, makes the room spin hard for a few seconds to under a minute. BPPV is usually treated with a repositioning manoeuvre, such as the Epley manoeuvre, by an ENT or a trained clinician. Many people feel better after one or a few sessions, though it can come back.

Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis

These come on suddenly, often after a cold or flu. The balance nerve on one side becomes inflamed. You get severe spinning with nausea that lasts a day or more, then a slow recovery over days to weeks, with some unsteadiness that can linger. In labyrinthitis, hearing on that side drops too. A sudden drop in hearing needs an ENT the same day, so do not wait for it to settle.

Ménière's disease

Ménière's causes attacks of vertigo that last from about 20 minutes to several hours, with a full or blocked feeling in one ear, ringing and hearing that dips during attacks. Over time, the hearing in that ear can worsen. It is managed by an ENT, often with changes to diet and medicines. We track your hearing between attacks, and if ringing in the ear is part of it, we help with that too.

Who to see for vertigo: ENT, neurologist or audiologist?

We would rather send you to the right person first than see you twice.

WhoSee them when
Emergency departmentAny red-flag sign above. Do not wait for an appointment.
ENT doctorEar pain, discharge, sudden hearing loss or a blocked ear. Manoeuvres and medicines.
NeurologistHeadaches, numbness, unsteady walking, or a history of stroke or migraine.
Your physicianLightheaded on standing: blood pressure, blood sugar, anaemia or medicines.
Audiologist (us)Spinning or imbalance, with or without hearing change. We assess and refer with a report.
Not sure which fits?

Call us on +91 88848 64343. We will tell you whether to come to us, see a doctor, or go to an emergency department.

What happens in a vestibular assessment

A calm room at either centre. No special preparation needed.

  1. Your historyWhen it started, how long episodes last, triggers, other conditions and medicines.
  2. A hearing testAudiometry and tympanometry: hearing change on one side points elsewhere.
  3. Positional testsWe move your head into set positions and watch for the eye flicks BPPV causes.
  4. Balance and eye testsStanding, walking and eye-tracking checks of the balance system.
  5. The planWhat the pattern suggests, exercises if they fit, and a written report for your doctor.
Very dizzy? Bring someone

Bring someone to take you home if you have been very dizzy, and do not drive yourself during a bad spell.

Do I need VNG, vHIT or a scan?

Some cases need detailed eye-movement recordings (VNG or vHIT) or a scan. If yours does, we will say so and explain where to have it done. Clinics in Bangalore have quoted about ₹4,000 to ₹12,000 for VNG.

VNG price range from NeuroEquilibrium's published Bangalore figures. It is not a Poorvam price.

Vestibular rehabilitation exercises

When one balance organ is weaker, the brain can learn to make up for it. Exercises speed that up.

  • Gaze stabilityKeep your eyes on a target while you turn your head, slowly at first.
  • HabituationRepeat the movements that make you dizzy in small doses, so the brain stops overreacting.
  • Balance and walkingFeet together, then soft ground, then walking and turning, to rebuild confidence.
How the exercise plan works

The exercises should match your cause, so we give them after an assessment, or when your ENT or neurologist has referred you with a diagnosis. For some people, especially older adults with a fall, we may also refer you to a physiotherapist. Most people do the exercises at home for a few minutes several times a day, over several weeks, and come back so we can check progress and step them up.

Dizziness in older parents: the danger is a fall

Inner-ear problems, blood pressure medicines, poor eyesight and weaker legs add up. Light the path to the bathroom, remove loose rugs, and sit on the bed edge before standing.

More on parents and falls

In older adults, dizziness often has more than one cause. Hearing loss also raises the risk of falls, so a hearing test is worth doing at the same visit.

Balance assessments run at our Phase 1 centre on Hulimangla Road, near Westside, and our Phase 2 centre in Ananth Nagar, above the Bata showroom. That suits patients from Electronic City, Hosa Road, Begur, Bommasandra and Chandapura who would otherwise travel across Bengaluru for a vertigo assessment.

Two centres in Electronic City

Same team, same equipment, same hours at both. Pick whichever is closer.

Questions people ask us

Who should I see for vertigo: an ENT, a neurologist or an audiologist?

Go to an emergency department now if dizziness comes with face droop, slurred speech, weakness, double vision or the worst headache of your life. For spinning brought on by head movement, or vertigo with hearing loss or ringing, start with an ENT or an audiologist. For vertigo with headaches, numbness or trouble walking, see a neurologist. An audiologist assesses the inner ear and balance and tells you which doctor you need.

What is BPPV?

BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) is the most common cause of spinning vertigo. Tiny crystals in the inner ear slip into the wrong canal, so a head movement such as rolling over in bed or looking up sets off a short, strong spin, usually under a minute. It is usually treated with a repositioning manoeuvre such as the Epley, done by a trained clinician.

Can vertigo be cured?

It depends on the cause. BPPV often settles after one or a few repositioning manoeuvres. Vestibular neuritis usually improves over weeks, helped by balance exercises. Ménière's disease can be controlled but tends to come and go. Finding the cause is the first step.

What is a VNG test, and do I need one?

VNG (videonystagmography) records eye movements with goggles to test the balance system in detail. Clinics in Bangalore have quoted about ₹4,000–12,000 for it. Many people don't need it. Your vestibular assessment starts with a case history, positional and bedside balance tests and a hearing test, and we tell you if VNG or a scan is the right next step.

Can ear problems cause dizziness?

Yes. The inner ear holds both the hearing organ and the balance organ, so many causes of vertigo are in the ear. That is why a hearing test is part of every balance assessment: a change in hearing on one side points to a different cause than vertigo with normal hearing.

What exercises help with dizziness?

Vestibular rehabilitation exercises retrain the brain to rely on the balance system again. They include keeping your eyes on a target while moving your head, repeating the movements that make you dizzy in a controlled way, and standing and walking practice. They should be set for your cause, so get assessed before you start.

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A calm assessment with a hearing test, a clear explanation and the right next step.

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